The schematic diagram is a model of conventional graphic and alphanumeric designations and connections between the elements of the electrical circuit. Connections can be electrical, magnetic and electromagnetic. A schematic diagram is drawn up at the initial stage of designing an electrical device. It is in it that the exhaustive composition of elements and connections is determined, and also an idea of the principles of the product's functioning is given.
Instructions
Step 1
When studying the schematic diagram, determine the poles of the electrical circuit and set the direction of the current - from "plus" to "minus". Identify the components of the circuit: contacts, resistors, diodes, capacitors and other elements included in the circuit. If the diagram contains several circuits, read them one at a time, examining each one in sequence.
Step 2
At the beginning of reading the diagram, identify all power supply systems included in the circuit. Find an energy source, relays, electromagnets, if provided. Determine the type of all sources, the current used (DC or AC), its phase or polarity.
Step 3
When studying the circuit, you need to have an idea of how each element of the circuit works separately, starting with the simplest components. A resistor is a passive element of an electrical circuit and is intended, as a rule, for power dissipation, voltage drop. In diagrams, it is used to indicate the function of resistance and is displayed as a rectangle. The capacitor, on the other hand, accumulates electrical energy of alternating current, its sign is two parallel lines.
Step 4
Read all the explanations and notes given in the diagram. If there are electric motors or other electrical receivers in the device, analyze them. Consider all the circuits of these elements from one pole of the power supply to the other. Notice in these circuits the location of resistors, diodes, capacitors and other circuit components. Draw a conclusion about the practical significance of each element of the circuit and about the malfunction of the electrical device when any part of its circuit is blocked or missing.
Step 5
Specify the location of the protective devices: overcurrent relays, fuses and automatic regulators, as well as switching elements. On the schematic diagram of an electrical device, inscriptions can be indicated indicating the protection zones of each of the elements, find them and compare them with other circuit data.
