The Linux kernel, which is used to create Unix-like operating systems, is open source and free software. Therefore, the general name Linux applies to a fairly large number of ready-made distributions that have their own set of programs and settings for the specific needs of the user.
There are a lot of variants of operating systems for Linux, according to various sources, from 100 to 300 working distributions. Of the whole variety of operating systems for Linux, several of the most famous and popular systems can be distinguished, which are used by both beginners and professionals.
The official Linux logo and mascot is the Tux Penguin. It was created in 1996 by the American programmer and designer Larry Ewing.
The most common and versatile
Ubuntu. This most commonly used distribution is based on one of the first Debian linux operating systems. According to statistics, Ubuntu has 20 million users worldwide. It has a beautifully designed original Unity interface, with a convenient arrangement of elements and great versatility, making it much easier to work with portable devices. It also features a Wiki-style web documentation infrastructure and unusual bug reporting.
Linux Mint. This operating system is already based on Ubuntu, but has improved technical aspects. This distribution is equipped with an improved practical MintMenu menu, MintDesktop software that allows you to customize the working environment to your needs and an easy-to-use MintInstall installation utility. In addition, Linux Mint is one of the few distributions that comes with its own proprietary codecs.
Mandriva. This distribution kit has been the most popular among ordinary users for a long time, but as a result of financial difficulties at the company, the creator lost the title of the most popular Ubuntu. Mandriva's desktop control center, which allows you to perform all administrative tasks through a graphical interface, is an excellent example of a comprehensive and simple administrative tool. This distribution kit is easy to install and learn, recognizes hardware well and is perfectly localized.
Fedora. The distribution kit from the well-known Linux community Red Hat is one of the leaders in the OS segment for servers and corporate systems. This distribution combines the solid foundation of Red Hat, unconstrained by corporate needs, with cutting edge free applications and support for nonfree formats.
ASPLinux. Distribution from the Russian company of the same name, based on Fedora Core and adapted for regional features. It allows you to use both Gnome and KDE as a desktop, has a wide selection of applications and graphical utilities for configuring the system, a selection of drivers for equipment common in the CIS countries and Daily updates that are free to download. All this makes this distribution kit universal and accessible for any category of users.
A distribution kit is not just a set of programs, but a series of solutions for various user tasks, united by uniform systems for installing, managing and updating packages, configuring and supporting.
Distributions for advanced users
Debian. One of the oldest Linux distributions that gave birth to many other systems. The main advantages of Debian are its high stability, the presence of a huge number of free and open source applications, compatibility with 11 different hardware architectures and the ability to update without reinstalling. It requires some Linux experience to install and configure it.
Slackware Linux. Another representative of the very first Linux distributions, in the structure of which, apart from the versions of the packages, nothing has changed for many years. Slackware does not have a graphical installer or system configuration utilities, everything is done by editing configuration files. Recommended for users wishing to learn in depth the basics and principles of GNU / Linux.
