Mathematical methods are widely used in sociological research. In a mass survey, the sample type is determined at the programming stage. The most commonly used sampling method and quota sampling. The main disadvantage of the latter is that it is not accidental. Since a strictly random sample reflecting the parameters of the general population is a rarity in sociology, when modeling social objects, correct sampling is important.
Instructions
Step 1
If you are faced with the task of conducting a small study based on a small sample that does not pretend to be strictly representative, select the elements more carefully, observing all the criteria and conditions of the experiment. In the case of a large sample that represents a significant subject of research (for example, the population of a large administrative center), consider replacing individual elements of the sample.
Step 2
When composing a small sample of objects, make a list of its elements in the form of a list of interviewed respondents; analyzed texts; objects under observation and so on. Unlike a small sample, a large sample is usually anonymous and does not provide an opportunity to work with a named list.
Step 3
For a small sample, present the results of information processing in relative shares or percentages, as well as in absolute terms. A large sample, as a rule, does not allow the presentation of the results in absolute terms. Calculate percentages with a reasonable degree of accuracy, that is, to whole values.
Step 4
Create an algorithm for selecting elements in the sample population. Try to keep the list of all items as uniform as possible. This criterion is met, for example, an alphabetical list. If an alphabetical listing is available, use a random selection algorithm using a random number generator. The second method is the use of mechanical selection, when the step is first calculated (as a quotient of dividing the total population by the sample size), and then the required number of elements is selected.
Step 5
When constructing a sample for observation and content analysis, first form an idea of the structure of the object of observation. If the object is some mass phenomenon, specify the data on the place and time of their holding, on the regularity of the event. If events are not on a regular basis, reconsider your research strategy and opt for a solid survey method or a bulk method.
