Rebuilding a motherboard is challenging enough. It is necessary to be able not only to disassemble the computer and remove this microcircuit, but also to competently test it, to be able to find faulty elements and replace them. Therefore, it is better to learn to repair boards on old and unnecessary models.
Necessary
- - soldering station with processor control;
- - a set of screwdrivers, clamps, clamps;
- - new spare parts;
- - multimeter.
Instructions
Step 1
Most often, the south or north bridge burns out on the microcircuit - a chain of power stabilizers that supply voltage to the motherboard. It is relatively easy to determine this breakdown - when the computer is turned on, the board itself quickly overheats. This overheating can be felt with your finger if the large IC is very hot when touched. Defective bridges are soldered and replaced with new ones with similar names. Please note that sometimes a faulty North Bridge FET may be the cause of overheating in the bridges. If you suspect a malfunction of one of the bridges, measure their resistance at the USB terminals "Data +" and "Data-". A working stabilizer should have a resistance of about 600 ohms.
Step 2
Motherboard battery malfunctions are no less common. If CMOS Battery Has Failed appears when starting the computer, start recovery by replacing this battery. To do this, on the motherboard, bend the metal clip holding the battery back and it will spring out. Buy a new one from a computer store and install it in the socket. Be sure to check the BIOS Setup after replacing the battery.
Step 3
Replacing the cooler is very tedious and time consuming. On almost all modern computers, the cooler is surrounded by a large number of capacitors and is equipped with a tight mount that prevents it from replacing. If you accidentally loosen or damage at least one of the mounts, sooner or later the processor will fail. To disconnect the connector, insert a screwdriver between the cooler case and the motherboard and press down gently. Carefully open all connectors and remove the faulty cooler.
Step 4
Pay attention to the capacitors of the motherboard. A defective capacitor is detected by swelling, violation of integrity, peeling of the bottom rubber gasket. A more accurate way to find a broken capacitor is to test its capacitance with a multimeter. As a rule, a motherboard contains several dozen capacitors, so it is difficult to find a faulty one.
Step 5
To re-solder the microcircuit and its elements, use only a processor-controlled soldering station. Hand-held soldering irons cannot be used, as they cannot provide simultaneous heating and removal of solder. Carefully evaporate the defective capacitor and solder a new one in its place, strictly observing its polarity. Failure to observe the polarity of the capacitor will lead to its explosion immediately upon the first attempt to turn on the board.
