Computer technology 2024, May

Network cards are separate and built-in. An integrated network card is located directly on the motherboard. A separate card is installed in a PCI slot. For the user, they work the same way, so when talking about how to turn on the network card, we will not distinguish between them

The screen resolution of the monitor improves the image quality. The high resolution makes all displayed elements clearer. The icons on the screen are small, the number of items displayed on the screen is much larger. Low resolution makes the displayed items appear larger and easier to distinguish, but will fit much smaller on the screen

The scale of the display of graphic elements on the screen is determined by such a parameter as the resolution. This parameter can be easily adjusted to the user's preferences and can be changed by him at any time. It is necessary A computer

To check the condition of the video adapter, it is recommended to conduct special tests. Usually, for this they use programs that allow you to load the video card and make it work at full capacity. It is necessary - ATITool

Each user has their own requirements for the screen size for a comfortable work on the computer. If you are used to miniature icons, too large an image will be inconvenient and vice versa. Of course, you cannot physically change the size of the monitor screen, but you can reduce (or increase) the size of the working area of the screen

While working with graphic editors on a laptop, it becomes necessary to change the size of an image or screen, for example, when a picture you uploaded goes beyond the screen. Not all editors can resize the screen, but you can do it yourself

PC users, it happens, are faced with such a situation when the shortcuts of folders and programs on the desktop are large enough or, on the contrary, too small. To calibrate the size of the displayed shortcut and all information in general, you need to change the screen resolution settings

The operation of creating a Windows service is performed using the specialized utility Sc.exe, the parameters of which are edited in the command interpreter. Instructions Step 1 Call the main menu of the Microsoft Windows operating system to perform the operation of creating a system service and go to the "

If, as a result of some actions, system and command files have been damaged, the operation of a computer running OS Windows becomes difficult or impossible. There are several ways to restore Windows components. Instructions Step 1 If System Restore is enabled on your computer, select Programs, Accessories, System Tools, and System Restore from the Start menu

Initially, in the Windows operating system, programs are launched under the control of a utility utility called User Account Control (UAC). But what if, to run some programs, you need to run with administrator rights? There are several easy ways to accomplish this

Working on a computer under an administrator account gives the user maximum options for configuring the system. At the same time, such work is the most dangerous, therefore, a limited account is often used. In order to install programs or change system settings, you must log in as an administrator

In order to gain full control over the operating system, your account must have administrator rights on the computer. In this case, you can change the parameters of other accounts without their knowledge. Also, many security settings require administrator account rights

An administrator account gives you many options for using the Windows operating system. The administrator can manage other accounts, as well as manage all programs installed on the computer and Internet connection and security settings. You can independently configure and set your administrator account when installing the operating system in order to subsequently log into the operating system through it

Sometimes you need to get access to a locked stationary computer or laptop, because everyone can forget the password set on their own computer. Considering the fact that the protection of the Windows operating system is still far from perfect, it is not difficult to gain access to a corrupted laptop or computer

Some types of viruses can cause serious problems on your computer. For example, you cannot log into your operating system. The monitor is locked together with Windows. In such cases, you need to use special utilities, which in turn allow you to unblock all actions created by the virus software

If you trust the information of the developers of antivirus programs, the most popular now is the virus, which primarily attacks and blocks the browser. Moreover, their prevalence is becoming more and more every hour. Therefore, it is not a fact that such a problem will not affect you

In order for copies of incoming letters to be saved on the server, in MS Outlook you need to select only one checkbox. However, the user who has come across the program settings for the first time will have a hard time finding the checkbox where this checkbox should be located

Many users know that a system that was stable yesterday may “crash” today. Quite often this happens at a time when the computer is needed especially badly. Therefore, it is always necessary to have a recovery boot disk. And the process of installing the operating system is now happening from the boot disk

Many users of personal computers currently imagine the Internet as a place where a large number of sites are located, in other words, a high-rise building. To enter a kind of apartment (site), you must have the keys (login and password). It is necessary Registration on any Internet resource

To enter the Skype program, you must have a username and password. After logging in on your computer for the first time, you can save them so you don't have to type them in every time. However, if you need to log in from any other device, you will have to remember the registration data

To reinstall the Windows operating system, you do not have to resort to the services of a programmer. This operation can be performed independently, having a licensed disk with Windows. It is necessary - DVD with a licensed version of Windows

The disk with the Windows operating system must be multiboot to install the OS into the computer. However, in addition to this, it is important to comply with one more condition - the computer must support booting from an optical disc. Instructions Step 1 Insert the multiboot operating system disc into the drive

When installing a new operating system, you must enable the function of booting the computer from the DVD drive. The difficulty is that after the first stage of installation it is necessary to set the boot parameter from the hard drive. Instructions Step 1 First turn on the computer, press and hold the Delete key to enter the motherboard BIOS

Installing the original version of Windows Vista or Windows 7 often means installing an English-language distribution of the operating system. After installation, you will receive a completely "English" computer. Making friends with the Russian language is not so difficult

The command line in all its guises (console, terminal) is designed to run executable files and perform special tasks. This program runs as a separate process, but in some cases it is embedded in other applications. It is necessary Software:

It often happens that the programs we have installed either have an English-language interface in the initial setup, or do not have Russian at all in the settings. The problem is solved quickly enough and does not require special skills. It is necessary - Internet connection

Automatic language switching when typing on a computer is possible using the Punto Switcher utility. On the one hand, it is convenient - you do not need to manually switch to the desired language every time, but sometimes, when you have to type text with a large number of Cyrillic and Latin characters, it gets in the way

Many computer parameters can be configured using only Bios. But at the same time, there is no Russian among the languages of the Bios-menu. And out of inexperience or by accident, you can get so confused in the settings that the computer will even stop booting

Thanks to the ability to go back in time in Windows through restore points, the operating system can be rolled back to an early date. Windows creates restore points automatically when it installs programs that the system itself believes may alter its architecture or somehow harm

There are several ways to return your computer to its original settings. Here are the main ones and you can choose the most suitable one for yourself. Method 1 Resetting your computer to factory settings is straightforward. How to do it correctly is shown in stages

In some cases, user actions lead to very undesirable consequences in the operation of the operating system and programs. For example, an important system file may be mistakenly deleted, or Windows may start to "glitch" as a result of incompatibility of programs or drivers

A forgotten password is a headache for any computer owner. Some people believe that the password cannot be recovered and prefer to reinstall the entire system to get it back to a functional state. This is not the case - the password can be reset, and this article will show you how to do it

Many programs are running on the computer at the same time. If a program uses an Internet connection, a specific port is allocated to it. Sometimes the user needs to control which port a particular program is using. Instructions Step 1 The need to determine which ports a program is using (or which program is using ports) usually arises when you suspect a Trojan horse has infected your computer

Shortcuts to documents and applications on the Windows desktop are used to quickly launch them. With these icons, you can perform the same operations as with files in Explorer - the functioning of all elements of the desktop is provided by this system application

Installing Windows from a USB stick is very convenient. Storing Windows on a flash drive is much more reliable than storing it on a disk. Installing from a USB stick will also be faster than installing from a disk. There are times when the computer does not work or there is simply no optical drive (DVD / CD) ROM

A broken network port in a laptop is not uncommon. If the network connection does not work, then the network card may be out of order. There may be several reasons for this: starting from a spark of static electricity and ending with mechanical damage to the connector contact itself

The side keyboard is more commonly referred to as numeric or optional. This is a group of keys to the right of the main keyboard. In the standard version, it consists of seventeen keys and includes nine buttons with numbers, as well as signs of four mathematical operations, a dividing point, an enter key and an activation button for this keyboard

Most modern computers are equipped with optical disc drives, and installing Windows operating systems from a CD is straightforward, even for an untrained person. However, there are times when you need to install Windows from your hard drive on a computer that does not have an optical drive, such as a laptop

The definition of the port to which the printer is connected can be performed by the user of a computer running Windows OS using standard tools of the system itself and does not imply the use of additional software. Instructions Step 1 The vast majority of the latest generations of printers use the LPT port for connection

To protect the personal data of users, the developers of the Windows operating system provide the ability to set a password at system startup. If the need to maintain confidentiality has disappeared, the password request can be disabled. Instructions Step 1 Performing any actions related to the protection of personal data on a computer running Windows will require the user to have administrator rights

By default, the Windows OS settings automatically update the system, drivers and other plugins. This is a useful feature, but in some cases you might want to disable it. For example, the computer is not connected to the Internet, and you are tired of closing the system request to update every time, or your Internet speed is low and automatic updates may not take up all the traffic on time

If the Windows operating system is unstable, often reboots or freezes for no reason, many in such cases immediately begin to reinstall the OS. You don't have to do it right away. Very often, unstable operation of the operating system occurs due to the absence of system files

Protecting your computer with a password often seems unnecessary at home. Family members prefer not to make life difficult for themselves by creating different accounts and memorizing digital combinations. If, after weighing all the pros and cons, you decide to remove the password in Windows, follow our instructions

Each user has a specific operating system on his computer. As practice shows, this is usually Windows. Over time, many different versions of this operating system came out. So how do you determine which version of Windows is on your computer?

Language switching is different for different operating systems. If in Windows you are accustomed to one keyboard shortcut, then when installing another OS, you will have to get used to the new method of switching certain functions. It is necessary - PCKeyboardHack program

The ROM (Read Only Memory) chip contains a BIOS program (Basic Input / Output System), which, after turning on the computer, checks all the controllers on the motherboard. If the test is successful, control of the computer is transferred to the operating system

The procedure for canceling and removing installed updates of the Microsoft Windows operating system is a standard operation that does not require the involvement of additional software. Instructions Step 1 Call the main system menu by clicking the "

The Windows 7 operating system has a variety of styles available, ranging from some older skins to the newer Aero themes. A style in Windows 7 includes components such as the color of the windows, the desktop background, the splash screen, and the sound scheme that is applied in conjunction with the appearance

The Windows operating system is, unfortunately, very vulnerable, and errors are quite common. The worst thing is that sometimes they can even disable the system, which in the end can only be solved by reinstalling the problem. Therefore, of course, it is necessary to seriously think about error protection

Windows series operating systems have a number of files that perform a specific task, for example, hosts. This file has no extension and is positioned as a text document. It is designed to store lists of domains that will be denied access to the Internet

Installing the operating system on a USB flash drive can come in handy if problems arise with the CD / DVD drive. Many users have problems installing the operating system on removable media. This is usually due to a misunderstanding of general information

It often happens that removable USB drives contain data inaccessible to the eyes of users. It can be any hidden registry files, system files, information simply inaccessible to prying eyes, technical data about the media. Often, these are malicious programs that subsequently penetrate the file system of your computer and spoil data

If, as a result of installing new programs or drivers, the system has stopped working correctly, you can restore its performance by returning it to its previous state. To do this, use the "System restore" component. System restore points are created automatically daily and before every critical event (for example, the installation of new hardware or software)

The Windows operating system stores the "Desktop" folder with program shortcuts located in it on the drive of its installation (usually it is drive C). In the event of a major failure, the user may lose a conveniently configured desktop

The Windows 7 operating system is one of the most popular and is used on millions of computers. Microsoft is fighting counterfeit copies of Windows, so it has introduced an activation procedure for newly installed operating systems. It is necessary - access to the Internet

A list of currently open windows for different programs is placed on the Windows taskbar. It also contains the "Start" button and "Notification area" - tray. The user can change the position of the panel at his discretion by moving it to any side of the screen

It's nice when, at each boot, the operating system pleases the user with a fresh picture on the desktop. In the version of Windows 7 Basic Home, this feature has been curtailed and it will not be possible to configure the change of the desktop image using system tools

Sometimes it is quite difficult to determine why a game, a movie, or a document cannot be read on your computer. In the Windows OS environment, all these processes are responsible for executing files with exe permission. These are usually indicated by shortcuts on the desktop or quick launch bar

Even in childhood, personal computers were capable of displaying many more characters than could fit on a conventional keyboard. Today, the standard character codebook contains a hundred times more characters than twenty years ago, and their typing on the keyboard remains almost the same

The Linux operating system gains more and more supporters every year. Nevertheless, not everyone succeeds in completely abandoning Windows, so many users are interested in installing two operating systems on a computer at once. Instructions Step 1 First, you should install the Windows operating system on your computer and only then install Linux

Each document in the 1C program has one or more printing forms. For example, invoices related to sales are printed in the following forms: consignment note, TORG-12 with services, TORG-12, M-15 and others. The form of a printed document is in the form of an Excel document

Sometimes it becomes necessary to carry out certain actions in a modern operating system without using the capabilities provided by the graphical interface. In Windows, there is a command line interface emulator for this, through which you can, for example, connect a network resource using the special DOS command net use

One of the ways to ensure security in OS Windows is to use certificates - digitally signed documents that authenticate services, Web sites, users, or devices. Certificates are issued by a certification authority and are stored in system folders on your computer's hard drive

It happens that several operating systems are installed on one computer. Often several operating systems are installed in order to expand the possibilities of using the software. For example, not every program that runs on Windows XP will run on Windows 7

The operating system key is information that should always be available to you when you work on your computer. It may be needed not only when activating a copy, but also for other purposes. You can view it in different ways. It is necessary - a program for searching the keys of installed programs

Some functions of the operating system are available only to the computer administrator. For example, a user needs to add another logical disk partition, and the system has blocked this option. Administrator rights in Windows XP give full access to other user profiles, as well as the ability to install any software and prohibit the installation of programs

Often in Windows it is necessary to create a user account that will be invisible to all other users, including the administrator. To do this, you can create a hidden account. To create a hidden user, you need to perform a number of operations

Even older systems like Windows XP need to be updated. Microsoft still maintains its product, which was released about ten years ago, despite the emergence of modern Windows Vista and Windows 7. To run the update service, you need access to the Internet

The Application Data folder in the Windows operating system of the XP distribution is a hidden system directory and stores save files for applications, configurations and other resources that are accessed by programs installed on a PC. Instructions Step 1 Since this folder is hidden in Windows XP, you first need to enable the display of hidden system directories

In the seventh version of Microsoft's operating system, the most popular today, changes have been made to the familiar appearance of folders. For each of the folders, the system uses a display scheme at its discretion. This is quite convenient, but, if you wish, you can customize the same look for all folders as the user likes

Passwords exist to restrict unwanted users from accessing information. But, probably, many found themselves in a situation where you put a seemingly simple password (for example, to restrict access to files for children), and then you forget it

The microphone is connected to a personal computer through the jacks on the front or rear panel of the system unit or through the corresponding connector on the multimedia keyboard. On laptop computers, this connector is usually located on the side

If you want to make the photo more attractive, you can process it in Photoshop. This program provides a wide range of tools that will allow you to give your digital image maximum expressiveness. It is necessary Computer, Adobe Photoshop program

On modern Microsoft systems, from Windows Vista onwards, the user has administrator rights by default, but these rights are incomplete. There are several ways to unlock the Administrator account. It is necessary -computer with preinstalled Windows Seven Home Premium

A "theme" in the Windows operating system is a set of graphical elements for decorating the system interface, supplemented by an individual scheme for announcing system events. The OS distribution is supplied by default with a number of such schemes, from which the user can choose the one that suits him best

The typographic symbol in the form of a superscript circle, which is customary to denote the dimensions of angles and temperatures measured in degrees, is absent on the computer keyboard. However, it is present in the coding tables that the operating system uses to display characters on the computer screen

It will not be possible to completely remove the names of the shortcuts, since these are not just names, but the names of files (shortcuts to files are also files), and a file cannot live without a name. You can simply make the names remain, but become invisible

The icons used in the Windows operating system for quick access to files, applications, and system components are part of the operating system's graphical interface. Like other design elements, they can be changed or removed from the interface altogether

If you own a laptop, it's time to install an operating system on it. Their choice is now quite large, but the most common is Windows. Therefore, it is better to dwell on it. And the installation will not present any problems, even if you do it for the first time

When purchasing a laptop, many pay attention to whether the operating system comes with it. Laptops without Windows tend to be cheaper than those with Windows. Windows can be installed both from a hidden partition on a laptop hard drive and from external media

Authentication of the Windows version 7 operating system installed on a computer is a process carried out on the Internet, which allows you to verify not only the licensed operating system, but also to check the presence and integrity of the main Windows files

Users of most modern versions of operating systems have the opportunity to independently choose the design option for the graphical interface. Windows 7 users tend to prefer Aero themes, which feature semi-transparent interface elements. However, by default, this system is installed with a different skin option called "

The time and date settings are set during the Windows OS installation. In the future, the clock on the computer is automatically synchronized with the clock on the server of the domain or the Internet. However, sometimes it becomes necessary to manually set the date or time on the computer

The need to increase the system font of the Windows operating system is usually caused by the use of a large monitor resolution with a diagonal of 22 or more. This procedure is carried out in different ways in different OS versions. Instructions Step 1 Use the easiest way to enlarge the font of the Windows XP operating system

Your computer's hard drive may contain information that you would like to hide. It so happened that the standard means of operating systems of the Windows family cannot provide limited access to files and folders using a password. But it is possible to restrict access using user accounts

The language bar in operating systems of the Windows family is used to switch layouts by pressing the Ctrl + Shift or alt = "Image" + Shift key combination. But sometimes this panel disappears due to accidental deletion or system malfunction

Modern operating systems support the ability to customize the interface. Each of us can customize the look of the system to our liking: install additional themes, change the look of the desktop and program windows, and change the look of folders

EXE files are the main type of executable programs for Windows. Unfortunately, the Mac does not allow them to run on OS X. But if you have a Mac with later Intel processors, you can use a little Apple utility called Boot Camp to do this. It is necessary - Apple Mac based on Intel processor with OS X 10

Almost every operating system has power management tools. Power saving mode is a useful feature, but it will be out of place when your computer performs important tasks. It is necessary A computer with a preinstalled Windows operating system

If information has been deleted from the local disk on your computer, you can restore everything in several ways, but it will take several hours. There are usually situations where information randomly disappears from the D drive. It is necessary - a computer

Most operating systems have a very useful feature - economy mode. However, for a number of tasks the computer does not need it. Therefore, you need to know how to turn off Power Save Mode. Instructions Step 1 To disable this option in Windows 98, as well as Windows 2000 and Millennium, click on the "

There are several ways to remove an unnecessary operating system from your computer. Usually, it is enough to format the hard disk partition on which this OS is installed. Instructions Step 1 Turn on your computer and start an operating system that you do not plan to remove

The Com port is traditionally used to connect devices to a computer that need serial data transfer - one byte at a time. Previously, a mouse and keyboard were connected in this way, now - uninterruptible power supplies and car diagnostic systems

Users use a variety of methods to protect their data. The capabilities of modern operating systems allow you to prevent unwanted access to directories without using additional applications. It is necessary - administrator account

Authentication of the Microsoft Windows operating system is performed by a special update number KB971033. The result of this check may be a "black screen of death" and the impossibility of continuing work. The easiest way to get rid of this problem is to restore the system from a backup

The need to install a second operating system arises when one OS does not cope with some tasks, but the current operating system still needs to do some work. It is possible to install a second operating system in addition to the main one. Instructions Step 1 To begin with, it should be said that installing a second operating system on a computer with an operating OS and one sector on the hard drive is a risky business

Nowadays, you don't have to install an operating system (OS) on your computer's hard drive to run it. It can be written to a flash drive and run on any computer. It is very convenient when the required OS is always “at hand”, and you can download it at any time without installing it on the hard drive

Sometimes there are situations when you need to change the hard drive on which the operating system is installed. In order not to waste time installing and configuring a new OS, it is recommended to transfer an existing version of Windows. It is necessary - Partition Manager

Often times, desktop icons take up so much free space that there is simply not enough space for them. In addition, sometimes they spoil the appearance. If in newer versions of Windows their resizing is configured at the user's choice in the control panel or by holding down the Ctrl key and scrolling the mouse wheel, then in XP and earlier operating systems everything looks much more complicated

During the installation of programs, as a rule, a separate folder is created on the hard disk of the computer, an additional section is placed in the main menu, a shortcut is created on the desktop, and changes are made to the system registry

The operating system should be removed if you are going to install a new one instead, or if you have two of them on your computer, and one of them turned out to be unnecessary. Otherwise, you risk losing all your data without getting anything in return

It happens that one operating system is not enough for normal operation. In this case, as a rule, several operating systems are installed. This is useful when you need to work with old programs that will be problematic to run on newer operating systems

Modern video cards and monitors create a very high quality graphic image that allows you to place hundreds of different shortcuts on your desktop. The quality of the image is, of course, good, but what if the picture is so high-quality that it is not always possible to make out the font of the labels and the icons themselves?

In any version of the Windows operating system, you can expand your personalization options by adding multiple accounts for each of your computer users. To log into any of the accounts, you can set a password and, if necessary, remove it. Instructions Step 1 To remove the password for one of the existing accounts, go to the "

If the operating system boot window has ceased to please you, or even never pleased you at all, it makes sense to change it. You don't need any third-party software to do this, just dig deeper into the registry settings. Instructions Step 1 Find a picture to install on the welcome screen

With the development of computer technology, people are trying to master the technique. As a rule, the first attempts are not entirely successful, since to work on a computer you need to adapt to all the parameters. It is necessary - a computer

A freshly installed operating system is usually fast and smooth. But over time, it "grows" with unnecessary files, the speed of work slows down significantly, and various failures appear. How do I restore my computer to normal operation?

If you are using a Windows operating system, inserting the CD into the CD-ROM drive will open it automatically. But sometimes, for various reasons, autorun can be disabled. To restore it, you should start the corresponding service or correct the system registry lines

After loading the operating system, the user sees a desktop on the computer screen. By default, Windows is set to a standard skin that includes a theme and a background image. Since not everyone likes the standard design, many users change it

The BIOS program acts as an intermediary between the operating system and the computer hardware. It is with its help that you need to configure the optical drive, not the hard drive, as the first boot device for Windows. Carrying out this operation does not require the involvement of computer special forces and does not take much time

Icons, icons, shortcuts on the desktop serve to make it convenient for you to open the most frequently used programs and folders. You can accidentally delete the icon you need, or you can thoughtlessly agree with the suggestion of the Desktop Cleanup Wizard to remove unused shortcuts and lose the desired icon that you have not used for a long time

Starting an audio service in safe mode of operation means forcing the registration of drivers and services in the registry branch responsible for the operation of safe mode. It should be remembered that incorrectly changing the registry keys may lead to the need for a complete reinstallation of Windows

The Windows operating system is installed on the vast majority of computers. However, more and more computer owners are abandoning it in favor of the open source Linux operating system. When installing Linux, the first question a PC user faces is the question of uninstalling Windows

Many users install multiple operating systems at once. When the computer boots up, a list of available operating systems appears, the default selection time is 30 seconds. This is not very convenient, so you should configure the Windows boot

Reinstalling the system always erases all data stored on the computer. In order not to lose them and subsequently not to waste time on the subsequent restoration of files and making settings, you need to copy all the information to a separate medium

It happens that the operating system of the computer is critically damaged and it is not possible to boot using the graphical user interface. And reinstallation is required immediately. Then the only way to restore Windows is to reinstall from the command line

Reverting to the default settings of the operating system is not such a time-consuming process. This is often required in cases where it is impossible to find out exactly which changes have negatively affected the operation of the system. Instructions Step 1 Save all the files you need for further work that were used in the applications

Desktop computers, and even more so laptop computers, are often disparagingly or jokingly referred to as a large calculator, typewriter, etc. Be that as it may, but programs for typing and calculating are in any version of the operating system and these applications are used almost more often than any others

The operation of copying an Excel table consists of three stages: selecting the table, copying it, and pasting it into a text editor document. There are three ways to perform these actions: via the context menu, using the keyboard, or via the toolbar

Basic Input / Output System (abbreviated as BIOS) is a set of microinstructions written into one of the chips on the computer's motherboard. Its main purpose is to check the availability and operability of the main devices necessary for normal functioning (keyboard, monitor, processor, RAM, etc

If, for some unknown reason, your computer has stopped "seeing" the hard drive, there are several reasons for this malfunction. The winchester is out of order, the power cable and data cable are not connected tightly, the sata controller is disabled in the motherboard BIOS

To store programs and information on computer media, an ordered hierarchical structure is used - a directory tree. It is built from nested objects - folders. Each folder can contain other folders or files, so to get to any object, be it a document, program, or directory, you need to find the folder you need

Sometimes it is useful for a user to have information media with him that contains a working and customized copy of Windows. With such a medium, you can start any computer, and you will always have settings and documents with you. However, installing Windows on an external hard drive or USB flash drive has several nuances

When trying to delete some files, the operating system displays a message about the impossibility of such an operation and does not perform the required action. Sometimes this is due to the lack of physical ability to change something on the disc - for example, on a "

There are many reasons that may lead to the need to reinstall the system. First of all, this must be done in case of deterioration, slowdown of the computer due to a large number of errors in the registry, virus infection. In addition, it is quite natural to want to replace the system with a newer, more modern one

The most popular and widespread operating systems on users' computers are Windows XP and Windows 7. For security reasons and sharing access to resources and documents, they use a password request system when the computer is turned on, and sometimes even after it resumes from standby mode

Sometimes you have to turn off your computer using "unconventional methods" - without using the usual mouse or touchpad. You can, of course, just press the power off button, but the risk of losing some unsaved documents may be unreasonably high

One of the tools of modern operating systems that play a key role in ensuring security is a firewall (firewall). Windows operating systems have a built-in firewall that blocks almost all programs and services by default. When you configure your computer to work with a network and then use it, many ports, services and applications can be unblocked

The need to update the operating system files is associated with increasing its security and stability. Nevertheless, it is not uncommon for certain problems to arise after installing the next update. In this situation, the user begins to think about how to remove the installed updates

A wide variety of methods can be used to format a hard drive or partition. The task is a little more complicated when you need to clean up the hard drive with the operating system installed on it. It is necessary - Partition Manager

In order to program the shutdown of a computer running a Windows operating system, no additional software is required. You don't even need to be a programmer for this - all the necessary actions are performed using standard system tools. Instructions Step 1 Use the shutdown utility to program a shutdown of the computer

The graphics that Windows use to quickly access files are called Shortcuts. Each shortcut corresponds to a set of settings that determine both the appearance of the object itself and the launch parameters of the file "attached" to it

In case of crashes in the Windows operating system, the icon for switching keyboard layouts may disappear from the tray. In order not to experience inconvenience when working with texts, you need to restore the language bar settings. Instructions Step 1 Crashes in the Windows operating system usually occur when installing new programs, updating the system, or under the influence of viruses and Trojans

In order to make the computer screen with Windows 7 installed look more attractive, change the wallpaper on the desktop. To do this, follow a few simple steps. It is necessary - a computer with the Windows 7 operating system installed - a picture saved on the computer Instructions Step 1 Click on the "

After reinstalling the operating system, various "tails" of the old version or the entire previous OS may remain. This usually happens if you do not format the partition before installation, or when the new OS is installed on another partition that did not previously contain the system

NetWare is a network operating system from Novell, in which communication is carried out through a server-client. The system supports TCP / IP and IPX / SPX protocols. Accordingly, NetWare client support is included in MS Windows Network Services

In the Windows operating system, files, depending on their type, are assigned a particular extension. Sometimes the user needs to find files with a specific extension. To make it easier to find, you should use special techniques. Instructions Step 1 You are looking for a file whose exact name you do not remember, but you know its extension

The Windows operating system can sometimes behave unstable, for example, it freezes at startup or does not start at all after turning on the computer. This can be due to a variety of reasons. Instructions Step 1 Determine the nature of the problem

Not every user will like the standard design of the desktop and the entire environment of the Windows 7 operating system. If you want something unusual in design, or your eyes are tired of the white font color, you can change the standard settings and create your own, unique graphic design

When purchasing software, the user must be sure that he is buying a licensed product, and not a pirated counterfeit. Cases of counterfeiting the Windows XP operating system are especially common. There are several distinguishing features of a licensed copy of a Windows operating system from counterfeiting

The Windows 7 operating system has a friendly interface and very convenient controls and settings. Fans of Windows XP will find it a bit hard to get used to the "niceties" of the new system, but they will definitely appreciate the innovations, especially since since the release of Windows 7 all modern applications, including games, have been created specifically to work in this environment

One of the fastest ways to access files or folders on a personal computer is through shortcuts. Shortcuts are icons for files or folders on the Desktop that contain links to them and automatically open them upon activation. Usually a shortcut to the "

You cannot completely remove the taskbar from the desktop. It can be automatically hidden, it can be closed by other windows, or it can be located not in its usual place at the bottom of the screen, but, for example, at the top. To make it always visible and return to its place, follow these steps

For a successful reinstallation of the operating system, it is recommended to completely uninstall the previous version of it. The operation of removing the OS is also used when it is necessary to change the system hard disk. Instructions Step 1 If you decide to install the operating system on a different hard drive or on a second partition of this drive, then uninstall the previous operating system (OS)

Modern devices for connecting to the Internet - modems, routers - are configured through the control panel, which is loaded into the browser. To get to it, you can enter the internal IP address in the address bar - it is often called the address of a modem or router, although this is not entirely correct

The operating system that the computer runs determines the time and date by its own clock. If the computer is connected to the Internet, then from time to time one of the OS components contacts the time server in order to "synchronize watches"

During the boot process, the OS waits for the user to select an operating system for several tens of seconds if more than one of them is found on the boot disk. Sometimes the list includes not completely removed remnants of previous operating systems

It is not always convenient when the computer goes to sleep or turns off the power of the screen, and you cannot observe the image on the monitor. Sometimes useful processes are executed in the operating system, which must be monitored without worrying about waking up the monitor with a mouse movement every 10-15 minutes

The name of the local network is set when it is created or when the operating system first detects a network connection the next time the computer is turned on. Once the name has been set, you can later change it - this feature is provided in Windows 7 and is very simple to implement

In the Windows operating system, programs are usually opened through the All Programs menu item, using the application shortcut on the desktop, or directly from the program folder by clicking on the executable file. But in Windows, there is another way to open programs - through the command line

Even today, in some cases, one cannot do without programs designed to work in the DOS operating system. But such an OS may not exist on a computer. You have to use compatibility modes or different emulators. Instructions Step 1 Before starting DOS mode on a computer that does not have this operating system, consider installing real DOS on a separate machine

Windows security is built around the concept of user accounts. For authorization with a specific account, as a rule, you must enter a password. However, in cases where the computer is used by a narrow circle of people, and there is no important information on it (for example, if it is a home computer), it makes sense to remove the password when entering the system

How to install Windows 7 It is necessary Computer with system requirements below: 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor with a clock speed of 1 gigahertz (GHz) or higher; 1 gigabyte (GB) (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit) random access memory (RAM)

If you purchased a computer with the included Windows 7, you may face a situation when the rights of a regular user (that is, you) are limited in their capabilities. This is done so that the inexperienced buyer does not damage the operating system

Initially, any user gets full administrator rights the first time they log on to the system. That is, the operating system already has, as a rule, a built-in account with all the rights. Over time, we create new accounts. Removing administrator rights from them is not difficult

The size of the point on the monitor, in other words, the font size, can be increased if you have poor eyesight and have to sit too close in front of the monitor screen or peer at the outline of the letters. To keep your eyes from getting tired, you need to increase the font size

The Windows 7 operating system is one of the best developments from Microsoft. It combines the stable operation of one of the most popular Windows XP operating systems and a beautiful, pleasant and unobtrusive interface of the relatively new Windows Vista

If the operating system fails, you must use the available recovery tools. The simplest of these is using a checkpoint. But, unfortunately, it does not always lead to the desired results. It is necessary - blank DVD disc. Instructions Step 1 Use a pre-created image as an alternative to recovering your Windows operating system

Quite often it happens that after cleaning the desktop of the Windows operating system, not only unused shortcuts disappear, but also useful icons, for example, the trash can. Don't panic: the Recycle Bin itself hasn't gone anywhere, and it's pretty easy to restore it to your desktop

The convenience of Windows Live CD has been proven by many users who have had to reinstall the Windows XP operating system several times. A convenient option is the ability to create a bootable USB flash drive. It is necessary - WinSetupFromUSB

The format operation frees up space on the physical or virtual storage medium for reuse. Modern operating systems allow such stripping in several modes - the user chooses them depending on how carefully the information stored on the carrier should be destroyed

Most computer programs are closed quite traditionally - by choosing the Exit (Quit) option in the menu or by clicking the cross in the upper right corner of the program window. But sometimes it becomes necessary to close a program or "kill"

Copy and paste operations are the most commonly used file manager functions of any operating system. Each OS provides the user with the ability to do this in several ways, using a mouse, keyboard, or a combination of both. The sequence of actions for such operations with the contents of an entire folder is not very different from the actions for transferring one separate file

Disabling the automatic check for and installation of updates on computers running Windows varies in detail depending on the version of the installed system. But the general algorithm of actions remains unchanged. Instructions Step 1 To disable the function of automatic check and installation of updates on a computer running Windows XP, open the main menu by clicking the "

Microsoft software developers, taking care of the safe work of their customers, have divided the rights and capabilities of users in the system. The owner of the “Administrator” account has the highest rights. He can also add capabilities to other participants who have access to the computer

Remote access to a computer is sometimes necessary when you need help solving problems with your PC or any applications. Then your friend will be able, using a special program and the Internet, to connect and control your computer, while being at the same time at the other end of the world

In the Windows operating system, the user of an account that has been assigned administrator rights can set restrictions on the rights of users of other groups to perform any operations with objects in a specific folder. In addition to operations with file system objects, the latest versions of the operating system have added the ability to limit the time that a particular user can work on a computer and create a list of programs available to him

The front panel of the computer system unit contains connectors for USB ports (Universal Serial Bus) and sockets for TRS connections (Tip, Ring, Sleeve). Both types of connectors can be used to connect headphones. Instructions Step 1 Start by installing the driver if you need to connect wireless headphones

The very first thing to start with a serious acquaintance with a computer is the installation of operating systems. The most simple and unpretentious Windows operating systems in this regard. There are many different variants of the Windows system

To remove an old operating system, you must first determine which of two, three or more installed systems is working, on which disk it is located, and only then correct the file responsible for correct loading and remove the old OS. Instructions Step 1 The reasons for the emergence of several operating systems are different

In many cases, a pre-created image helps prevent the loss of important files and settings in the event of an operating system failure. This can be done even without using additional programs. It is necessary - Partition Manager

Installing two or more operating systems over time can develop into various kinds of problems, such as lack of free space or the need to constantly select the system to start at computer startup. The problem can be resolved by uninstalling one of the installed operating systems

The hosts file contains a list of IP addresses and their associated domain names. Before contacting the DNS servers located on the Internet, the function of which is to translate the domain name into an IP address, the system checks if there is such a domain in this file

Windows 7 gadgets can be mounted anywhere on your desktop as stickers and help you make better use of its space. These gadgets display web-based news information, weather reports, clocks and timers, mini-games, and more. If any one or all of the gadgets are no longer displayed on the desktop, use the controls provided in the operating system to correct the situation

After Windows is installed, the computer operating system will require the creation of a user account. The computer administrator account will be required, since the administrator is the main user who has all the privileges provided by the computer software

The Windows XP operating system is designed to work with multiple users. Their accounts change when the computer is restarted or logged out. Any user account can be deleted if necessary. Instructions Step 1 User accounts (accounts) in the Windows operating system are managed using a special service

Sooner or later, the familiar boot screen picture gets boring and you want to change it. In the Windows 7 operating system, this will require a little manipulation of the registry. Instructions Step 1 First, find the image you want to replace the loading screen with

When working on a computer, the user can make a mistake: enter incorrect data into a spreadsheet or accidentally delete an entire section from a text document; in Adobe Photoshop, fill a lovingly created collage with black color or remove all shortcuts from the Desktop using an unknown method

The shutdown of the computer in the Windows operating system occurs when you press the shutdown button from the Start menu. However, the type of shutdown can also be configured in the power options. Instructions Step 1 While on the desktop of your operating system, right-click on the area free of shortcuts and select "

After starting and loading the operating system, the user sees a desktop on the computer screen. The convenience of work largely depends on how correctly it is configured. Not the last place is occupied by the design of the desktop - it should be pleasing to the eye, evoke a feeling of coziness and comfort

Configuring the shell of Windows version 7 to display hidden system files and folders can be performed by the user using standard system tools and does not imply the involvement of any additional programs. Instructions Step 1 Call the main system menu of Windows version 7 by clicking the "

Desktop icons are graphical links to launch programs or open documents. The programs installed on the computer during the installation process can create shortcuts for themselves on the desktop. The user also has this opportunity, and he has a choice of several ways to do it

The developers of the Windows operating system are constantly improving the means of personalizing the user interface. Choose from window and control styles, color and sound schemes, and mouse cursor schemes to meet the needs of virtually any user

If you've decided to remove the pre-installed Windows Seven operating system from your mobile computer, don't rush to format your hard drive. You will need a working laptop to prepare the files required to install Windows XP. It is necessary - disk with Windows XP

Windows XP was released by Microsoft in the fall of 2001 and has since been regularly updated with a host of small patches. Major improvements to the code were collected in large blocks (service packs), which were published three times over the next seven years

Each computer connected to the network has an IP-address (Internet Protocol Address) - a unique network identifier. Sometimes it becomes necessary to find out the ip-address of a particular network resource or computer of a particular user. Instructions Step 1 There can be quite a few situations in which you may need to determine the ip of a remote computer

Changing the input language on the keyboard, first of all, is necessary for those who, by the nature of their work, are forced to work with two or more languages. However, these people may include not only translators or writers, but also users who need to write foreign words

Comfortable work on the computer is impossible without correct settings. Depending on personal preference, the user can adjust the screen resolution, cursor movement speed, folder opening options and other parameters. In particular, folders can be opened with one or two clicks

After installing the Windows operating system, you can use it for thirty days in trial mode. Next, you need to activate your copy of the system in order to continue working with it. There are several ways to renew your license. It is necessary - a computer

Sometimes it is necessary to transfer the image of the installation disk with the operating system to a flash drive. Why is this done? When installing on compact devices such as netbooks, there is no other way to install the system. In some cases, this method is used to speed up the installation process on the hard drive

Many users of operating systems of the Windows family know that printed works can be diversified with different fonts other than standard ones. They can be added using the Fonts applet. Sometimes it is necessary to restore the original font package

Shortcuts to programs, data files, and folders on the desktop add an easy and convenient way to launch the applications you need and load frequently used documents into the operating system interface. Alas, the screen space is limited, and from time to time you have to get rid of some of the accumulated icons

The Windows character table contains a list of all displayable characters for each of the installed fonts. Most often it is used to enter characters that are not on the keyboard. From it you can also get information about the character codes in the unicode table

The Windows operating system automatically assigns names to all detected drives. But sometimes the user wants to change the drive letter for more comfortable work. Instructions Step 1 Immediately, we note that Windows will not let you rename the main or boot disk (usually the same disk), an attempt to rename them will fail

Often having installed a second Ubuntu operating system on top of Windows, the user comes to the conclusion that the second should be removed, because usually the Windows operating system is enough to perform all the usual actions on the computer, and Ubuntu requires too many settings from the user

Many users have noticed that after a few months of active work, the computer boots up much longer. This feature is due to several factors at once. In most cases, the PC boot time can be significantly reduced. The most common reason for a slow startup of a personal computer is failure to defragment the hard disk

More than 65 thousand ports can potentially be open on a computer. To work safely in the network, you should control the opening of ports by the firewall and make the necessary settings, if necessary. Instructions Step 1 The ports required by programs to work with the network are usually allocated automatically by the operating system

In modern operating systems with a graphical interface, the file manager program is used by default to navigate to the desired folder. It is very rare to carry out this operation in the command line interface, but in these cases no special knowledge is required, simple rules for formatting just one DOS command are enough

The Windows operating system allows you to work with remote computers, which makes it possible to administer them, or to provide assistance to users at a distance. As a rule, when remotely administering computers, it is necessary to restart them from time to time

To log into the Windows operating system, you must have a password. However, it is not uncommon for users to forget their data and then cannot start working with the computer. It is believed that in such a situation, all that remains is to remove the old OS and install a new one, but in fact, you can do it differently